When it comes to understanding monarchies in Europe, I have quite a few things going against me. 1) I'm not European. 2) I'm American, and I have no idea which European countries even have a monarch besides England. 3) There used to be more monarchies, and then there were fewer, and then there was a little more, and then a little less. Like, Germany had Kaiser Wilhelm II until 1941. Except Germany only had a monarchy from 1871-1918. This is mainly because there was no Germany until 1871; before that it was Prussia. This is a long discussion which I am not going to summarize because it's nuts. 4) Catharine the Great in Russia was German. Queen Elizabeth is German lines. Prince Phillip is Greek. Everyone is related to Queen Victoria whose mother was German-born in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. However, the Queen of England does not acknowledge the royal lines of Monaco (because they tend to marry American actresses and sully the blood lines). This all makes the notion of understanding European monarchies even more troublesome. European Royal Family Tree Chart...that you have to buy for $20. But it's thorough.